OLS Residual Models for First-year students (N=610):
Predicted Level of Academic Challenge =
47.788 + 1.171*selectivity + 2.697*sector - .389*rural - 2.347*small town - 2.632*large town - 1.417*fringe1 - 1.276*mid-size - .833*fringe2 - 1.012*Extensive - .157*Intensive + 1.956*Liberal arts + .642*General + .398*Other Carnegie + 2.719*on campus + 2.689*full-time – .703*humanities – 2.624*math – 5.711*preprofessional - 5.709*multiple - 1.589*Alien – .764*Asian + 2.561*Black + 2.958*Latina/o - 1.716*Native American - .064*Unknown
Adjusted R2=.58

Predicted Active and Collaborative
Learning =

26.384 + 3.279*sector - 2.891*Extensive - 1.309*Intensive + .625*Liberal arts + .617*General + 2.462*Other Carnegie + 3.877*on campus + 4.366*full-time + .197*age + 4.575*humanities + 4.851*math – .051*preprofessional + .370*multiple + 3.691*Alien – .505*Asian + 6.381*Black + 7.708*Latina/o + 9.159*Native American - .943*Unknown
Adjusted R2=.44

Predicted Student-faculty Interaction
=
35.899 + 3.235*sector - .131*enrollment + .086*Extensive + .079*Intensive + 2.426*Liberal arts - .218*General + 3.492*Other Carnegie + 4.311*on campus - .3.451*humanities - 2.222*math – 7.459*preprofessional - 8.136*multiple + + 5.053*Alien – 7.186*Asian + 6.295*Black + 6.175*Latina/o + 11.939*Native American - 4.449*Unknown
Adjusted R2=.46

Predicted Enriching Educational Experiences =
67.184 + 1.484*selectivity + 3.607*sector + .501*Extensive + .358*Intensive + 3.207*Liberal arts - .132*General - 2.020*Other Carnegie + 4.987*on campus - .637*age - .700*humanities - 13.676*math – 17.588*preprofessional - 12.505*multiple + 14.185*Alien + 7.049*Asian + 9.629*Black + 10.868*Latina/o + 39.427*Native American + 3.389*Unknown
Adjusted R2=.66
Predicted Supportive Campus
Environment
=
50.698 + 4.182*sector - 2.756*Extensive - 2.036*Intensive + .983*Liberal arts + .835*General + 1.921*Other Carnegie + 5.702*on campus + 4.387*full-time - 2.581*Alien – 9.273*Asian - .694*Black + 11.089*Latina/o + 6.997*Native American - 5.109*Unknown
Adjusted R2=.49

Notes:
  1. Residual models initially contained all independent variables listed below. Model reduction proceeded one variable at a time; each iteration removed the variable associated with the largest p value. For all but dummied variables with more than two categories, we removed variables that did not yield significant coefficients (p<.05 with two-tailed tests). For urbanicity, 2000 Carnegie Classification, major field, and race/ethnicity, we tested whether all dummy coefficients for each variable were simultaneously equal to zero. If Wald tests suggested that we could not reject the null hypothesis (chi-square, p<.05), we dropped the variable from the model (with its attendant dummy variables), and


  2. As the independent variables were not mean-centered in any way, model intercepts have no special interpretation.